Secure

• Layer One: the Java language
  • public, protected, private, final variables and method
  • compiler-time and runtime type checking
  • no pointers
• Layer Two: verifying the bytecodes
  • ensures that classes don't violate name space or access restrictions when they are loaded
  • guards against an altered compiler producing bytecodes that violates the safety rules at runtime
• Layer Three: protecting the file system and network access
  • Interface-specific security that prevents applets from doing destructive things